Poverty in the Developing Economies

Lets Cheers to This by Sleeping with Sirens free essay sample

Laying down with alarms is an American post-bad-to-the-bone band. They’re capable and their tunes are relatable. They aren’t simply like different artists in their classification, they have a notable kind of sound. They have two collections: With Ears to See and Eyes to Hear Let’s Cheers to This and If You Were A Movie This Would Be Your Soundtrack. Their best collection is Let’s Cheers to This since it has a portion of their most famous tunes on it, for example, If you Can’t Hang, Do it Now Remember it late, and A Trophy Fathers Trophy Son. These included melodies are about encounters of the lead vocalist Kellin Quinn. The different folks in the band are Justin Hills who plays low pitch guitar, Jesse Lawson who plays cadence guitar and sings back-up vocals, Gabe Barham who plays drums, and Jack Fowler who plays lead guitar. At the point when I previously tuned in to Sleeping with Sirens, I wasn’t excessively sure in the event that I loved th em. We will compose a custom exposition test on Lets Cheers to This by Sleeping with Sirens or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page They’re exceptionally hard rock, yet I preferred how rousing they were, and I enjoyed Kellin’s voice. The more I tuned in to them, the more I preferred them. I delighted in how their tunes had so much significance. I likewise preferred how the melodies were about encounters of Kellin Quinn. Laying down with Sirens’ music implies a great deal to me. I figure more individuals should give them a possibility. I’ve heard individuals say,† Ew no! I’m not tuning in to them they look weird!† But for me, I don’t figure I would ever become weary of their music. I figure everybody should give them another tune in and not judge them by what they look like, and perhaps they will encounter new incredible music.

Jane Heir Writers, Families, and Writer Families

Jane Heir Writers, Families, and Writer Families This look at books by relatives of famous authors is sponsored by The Years After You by Emma Woolf, from Amberjack Publishing.   The Years After You is a tale of betrayal and forgiveness, family and friendship, loss and redemption. A painful but powerful modern love story, it explores the cost of marital infidelity and the challenges of single motherhood, the legacy of suicide, and the healing power of love. Families are a common topic for writers. From sibling squabbles to difficult marriages and the struggles of being a parent to the struggles of having parents, families are a true gold mine for writing fodder. But what if your own familial inspiration are writers themselves? Here are a few of the various family ties from the literary world. Siblings “Siblings: children of the same parents, each of whom is perfectly normal until they get together.” ? Sam Levenson The Bronte sisters: Anne, Emily, and Charlotte Arguably the most famous group of sibling writers of the literary canon, these ladies wrote some of the most beloved British classics. With Jane Eyre, Agnes Grey, The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, and Wuthering Heights, the sister Bronte may prove that literary talent is genetic. Lev Austin Grossman Fans of The Magicians trilogy (The Magicians, The Magician King, and The Magician’s Land) are already aware of Lev Grossman and his ability to create intriguing worlds, but his brother Austin is also an amazing writer, from exploring the lives of super villains in Soon I Will Be Invincible, to the world of video games and their designers in You. David Amy Sedaris Anyone who has read one of David Sedaris’s essay collections (Me Talk Pretty One Day, Calypso, Barrel Fever) know that he portrays his family as hilarious and quirky, and his sister Amy’s books pretty much reinforce that portrayal. Covering topics like “Entertaining the Elderly” (I Like You: Hospitality Under the Influence) and instructions on how to make decorative ghosts out of tampons (Simple Times: Crafts for Poor People), you can be sure that Thanksgiving at the Sedaris house was probably an entertaining evening. Parents/Children “Children have never been very good at listening to their elders, but they have never failed to imitate them.” ? James Baldwin Alice Walker Rebecca Walker With her works like The Color Purple and House of My Familiar, Alice Walker has established herself as one of America’s preeminent writers. However, her daughter Rebecca Walker is also an accomplished and influential writer in her own right. Her books Black White and Jewish: Autobiography of a Shifting Self and Baby Love: Choosing Motherhood After a Lifetime of Ambivalence among others have shown that Rebecca not only has a keen eye on identity and culture, but also that she can carry on her mother’s legacy. Kingsley Amis Martin Amis Martin Amis is probably most well-known for his satirical novels focusing on the excesses and questionable morals of modern society, such as Money: A Suicide Note and London Fields. Martin’s father, Kingsley Amis, also made of career of writing wry and sardonic commentary about society a generational earlier, including the novel Lucky Jim. Though they both utilize dry humor in their work, father and son differ wildly in style and tone (and, as shown in Martin’s memoir Experience: A Memoir, a lot of other aspects of life), giving each their own unique voice. Spouses “Friends see most of each other’s flaws. Spouses see every awful last bit.” ? Gillian Flynn, Gone Girl Zadie Smith Nick Laird With works such as White Teeth and Swing Time, Zadie Smith is arguably one of the most accomplished and acclaimed modern authors. But she is not the only successful writer in her household; her husband, Nick Laird, is an accomplished writer as well. Laird has written numerous works of poetry, including To a Fault and Feel Free, as well as the novels Utterly Monkey and Modern Gods. Michael Ondaatje Linda Spalding Those familiar with historical fiction are probably already aware of the author Linda Spalding and her works that focus on northern abolitionists, such as The Purchase and A Reckoning. What they may not know is that Spalding’s husband is Michael Ondaatje. Ondaatje, who is most known for The English Patient and, most recently, Warlight. In addition to both being writers, the pair also co-edit the literary journal “Brick” together, along with Spalding’s daughter, Esta. All in the (King) Family “Has it ever occurred to you that parents are nothing but overgrown kids until their children drag them into adulthood? Usually kicking and screaming?” -Stephen King, Christine Stephen King, Tabitha King, Joe Hill, Owen King, and Kelley Braffett In terms of proficient horror writers, you’d be hard-pressed to find someone more successful and productive than Stephen King. From Carrie to The Stand, It to The Dark Tower books, King has managed to scary the bejeezus out of readers for generations. But he is not the only writer in the family; King is the father of both Joe Hill (The Fireman, NOS4A2) AND Owen King (Double Feature; We’re All in This Together). And if that wasn’t enough, Stephen King is married to novelist Tabitha King (One on One, Pearl) and Owen King is married to writer Kelly Braffet (Save Yourself, The Unwilling). I guess for the King family, writing truly is the family business.

What is the Verb Conjugation for Admettre

When you need to say to admit in French, you will use the verb  admettre. Conjugating this verb is a little tricky, but there is a pattern as you will see in this lesson. Conjugating the French Verb  Admettre Just as we add an -ed or -ing ending to verbs in English, we need to conjugate French verbs. It is a little more difficult and complex, but there are patterns involved. While  admettre  is an  irregular verb, there is a pattern here. In fact, all  French verbs ending in  -mettre  are conjugated in the same way. To find the correct conjugation, simply match the subject pronoun to the tense you need for the sentence. For instance, I admit is jadmets and we will admit is nous admettrons. The Present Participle of  Admettre You can use the  present participle  of admettre as a verb and it also works as an adjective, gerund, or noun in some circumstances. The present participle is formed by dropping the -re and adding -ant  to get  admettant. Using the Past Participle for Passà © Composà © Rather than use the imperfect for past tense, you can use the  passà © composà ©. To do this, you need to conjugate the  auxiliary verb  avoir  and use the  past participle  of admis. To complete the passà © composà ©, simply put the elements together. For instance, I admitted is jai admis and she admitted is elle a admis. More  Admettre  Conjugations In the beginning, you should concentrate on the present, future, and passà © composà © forms. However, there may be instances when you need to use one of the following. While the passà © simple and imperfect subjunctive are used primarily in formal French writing, you may need the other two. The subjunctive is helpful when the verb action is subjective or questionable. The conditional is similar, though its used to imply that something may or may not happen. The imperative may be particularly helpful with  admettre  because its used for short exclamations. When using it you can skip the pronoun. Rather than nous admettons, you can simplify it to admettons.

Lord Of The Flies By William Shakespeare - 1287 Words

Perhaps one of the most famous betrayals in history was that of Julius Caesar by his friend Marcus Brutus. Upon realizing his friend’s part in his death, a shocked Caesar asks, â€Å"Et tu, Brute? [You too, Brutus?]† and falls to his death. (Et tu, Brute?) The allegorical story Lord of The Flies consists of many situations where the conflicts and betrayals between Adolf Hitler and Joseph Stalin are represented through two boys on the island, Jack and Ralph. In the beginning of the story, Jack and Ralph work together and have generally peaceful relations. However, as time goes on, tension on the island increases, eventually resulting in the boys becoming leaders of two separate tribes. Finally, Jack violates the previously agreed upon peace†¦show more content†¦The boys are forced to survive on a deserted island with no adults. Initially, the boys get along well. Jack and Ralph are two of the older boys, both headstrong in two separate ways. Ralph has a desire to keep order on the island whilst Jack is hungry for power. Ralph is quickly realized as the best fit for a leader and elected chief, but makes sure to give Jack an important role as well after noticing his jealousy. Ralph says of Jack, â€Å"‘Jack’s in charge of the choir. They can be- what do you want them to be?’† Jack responds with â€Å"‘Hunters,’† and â€Å"Jack and Ralph smiled at each other with a shy liking† (Golding 23). Ralph gives Jack this job more so to avoid conflict than to have any type of second-in-command on the island. This is largely a political move, just as the Nazi-Soviet Non Aggression Pact was. In the eyes of Stalin, who is compared to Ralph, the pact to keep peace largely benefited him. Stalin was given â€Å"time to build up the Soviet military† while keeping â€Å"his nation on peaceful terms with Germany† (German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact), and Jack was given a job by Ralph to avoid co nflict. The alliance between Hitler and Stalin helped the both of them out immensely; it even â€Å"contained a secret agreement in which the Soviets and Germans agreed how they would later divide up Eastern Europe† (German-Soviet Nonaggression Pact). The original meetings of both Hitler

In conflict, it is women who suffer most Free Essays

Plan: Interpretation of prompt: Generally throughout the majority of conflicts especially physical conflict, it is the men who are at the forefront fighting the battle. However it is the mother, the wives, the daughters and the sisters of these men who are the ones who suffer most. Paragraphs/Ideas * Picassos painting â€Å"the weeping woman† depicts a grief stricken lady, experiencing the true devastation of losing a beloved male to the horror of the Spanish civil War. We will write a custom essay sample on In conflict, it is women who suffer most or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the quiet American, it is Phuong who suffers throughout the text, being torn between both men when having to decide who she wants to be with as a result of the conflict between the two men. * Essay: History has proven to the world that no matter gender, race or religion, conflict will always arise. Not always but generally it is the men of the world who stand up for what they believe in, resulting in the battle of conflict between men. Frequently ending physically, men attempt to prove dominance in their competitive race through conflict, while women are forced to take a back seat. Despite the result of a male dominated conflict, the deeper consequences show a suffering and pain that is caused to the women who are affected most from the outcome. Famous painter Pablo Picasso’s early 1900’s painting of the â€Å"Weeping Woman† presents the severe suffering that is caused to women through conflict. Representing a woman devastated by the effects of the Spanish Civil War, Picasso displays a face that is etched with a universal pain felt by all women who have been affected through the loss of men to war. The tears treaming down her excoriated face shows the suffering caused by a woman who has clearly felt the true effect of a conflict. Although millions of men have lost their lived and been damaged physically through war, it is clearly devastated through the Picasso’s painting that the emotional suffering that impacts on women is much more severe. Women have very little impact when it comes to conflict, especially when it is male dominated . Being forced to be a bystander like the weeping women, causes adverse emotion affects on women, such that is more traumatising to them than the conflict to the man. They may not always display it, but women always feel the pain of conflict more harshly than men. The harsh suffering that women experience through conflict is similarly exemplified in Grahem Greene’s text The Quiet American. Greene’s female main character Phoung and her sister represent two Vietnamese women who are affected differently by the horrors of the Vietnam War. The conflict of the war mixed in with the rivalry of her two lover’s for her affection tears Phuong apart and inflicts emotional pain on her. Her love for main character Fowler combats against her will to be married to protagonist Pyle, causing her to feel a world of hurt as a result. With Phuong unable to truly decide between her original lover and the man who can provide her with what she needs, we see the sorrow that slowly confuses and destroys her throughout the text. The pain of seeing her younger sister unhappy and unmarried also tears at Phuongs sister, with her main priority of doing what is right for Phuong impacting her every decision. Phuong’s sister can clearly see the happiness experienced when her sister is with fowler however she knows that they are unable to marry. The need for Phuong to marry a man who can provide for her inflicts suffering upon Phuong’s sister as she forces herself to convince Phuong to make the appropriate choice. This conflict of man vs man influenced by the war presents just how women are always at the deepest end of suffering emotionally compared to men. It is the women such as Phuong and her sister who experience the unfathomable pain and suffering that is forced upon them by the conflict which only affects men to a certain level. Paragraph 3: Regardless of whether it is emotional or physical, the battle of supremacy within a conflict shall always end with suffering. What is not always seen on the surface of a conflict is the deeper pain that is thrust upon those who are not directly involved. Generally, it is the women who suffer the most throughout conflict, the women who are bystanders and experience the conflict on another level. Men are usually at the front line of a conflict, doing what is right by their beliefs however it is there beloved female family members who bear the grunt of the painful result of a conflict. How to cite In conflict, it is women who suffer most, Papers

The Relationship between Self

Abstract Researchers have concentrated on studying the relationship between the factors that affect human behavior. The different human behavior and abilities have effect in the management of organizations and learning institutions. This study provides a differential approach in examining the factors that contribute to different human behavior and ability. Data pertaining to different individual measures were obtained for some 182 Organizational Behavior students.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Measures on emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, and perceived stress were obtained using different instruments. A correlation analysis showed positive correlation between emotional intelligence and self-efficacy. A negative correlation was observed between perceived stress and emotional intelligence. A Similar correlat ion was observed between perceived stress and self-efficacy. The results illustrate the necessity of understanding emotions in managing perceived stress in different Introduction Individuals show different abilities to perform the tasks given to them in different settings like schools and places of work. Students in the learning institutions show different academic performances. Similarly, employees of an organization have different performance abilities for given tasks. Several factors may contribute to the different abilities of individuals. One such factor is self-efficacy. This may refer to the level of confidence that an individual have in his or her ability to perform a particular task and to execute a particular behavior successfully (Bandura, 1997 cited in Schyns and Moldzio, n.d). This is a flexible personal quality with its roots in the social cognitive theory (Gundlach, Martinko Douglas, 2003, 229). The emotional intelligence of an individual is another factor that may a ffect the performance of the individual in different tasks. Emotional intelligence is the individual’s ability to be aware of, and manage, his emotions and the emotions of the others with whom they interact (Jordan, Ashkanasy, Hartel, 2002, p.5; Cote et al, 2006).). The other factor that may affect performance is the perceived stress in an individual. Stress can be described as ‘the result of an imbalance between the physical or psychological demands encountered and the response capability of the individual, in case failure to meet the demands has important implications for the individual’ McGrath (1979 cited in Panda 2008). It is important to examine if the factors that affect the performance of an individual have a relationship with each other. The relationships that are observed are essential in the management of individuals with different abilities in diverse settings.Advertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Ge t your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Some researches have been conducted to study a relationship between these factors. Rathi and Rastogi (2008) carried out a research to investigate the relationship between self- efficacy and emotional intelligence. Another research was carried out by Panda (2008) to investigate the relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress. This research is based on the two previous researches and is intended to study the relationship between self-efficacy and perceived stress. The results of the researches indicated that there was a positive relationship between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence (Rathi Rastogi, 2008; Rathi Rastogi, 2009). Besides, it was observed that self-efficacy in academic has a positive relationship with an individual’s future performance at workplace provided the individual had low perceived stress. It was also observed that there was a significant negative relationship between emotional intelligence and perceived stress (Panda, 2008). This study uses similar approaches applied by the previous researchers. However, it is conducted in a learning environment and the level of performance at work place will be replaced by academic performance. Hypotheses of the study The study has four different hypotheses. The first hypothesis is that self-efficacy is positively correlated with emotional intelligence. It is also initially assumed that emotional intelligence is negatively correlated with perceived stress. The other hypothesis is that self-efficacy is negatively correlated with perceived stress. The last hypothesis is that there is a significant gender difference in the measures of self-efficacy, emotional intelligence, and perceived stress. Method Subjects/participants The study involved 182 participants that were students studying Organizational Behavior at the two campuses of University of West Sydney: Campbelltown and Parramatta. There were 105 males, 76 females, as well as 1 participant who did not provide information on gender. Four of the participants also failed to provide information on their ages. The participants had a mean age of 21.3 years with a standard deviation of 4.14. Materials/apparatus The research employed several materials and instruments to obtain data from the students pertaining to the measures under investigation. One of the measures used in the research was WLEIS (Wong and Law Emotional Intelligence Scale). WLEIS has four measures that show different dimensions of emotional intelligence in an individual. These measures include Self-Emotion Appraisal (SEA), Others Emotion Appraisal (OEA), Use of Emotion (UOE), and Regulation of Emotion (ROE). SEA provides a measure of the ability of individuals to understand and express their emotions (Law, Wong Song, 2004).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More A high score for this measurement implies that the individuals are more sensitive and have a better understanding of their emotions. OEA provides a measure of the ability of an individual to recognize and value the emotions of other people (Law, Wong Song, 2004). Emotion can also be utilized towards developing constructive ideas to enhance performance at the workplace. UOE measures the abilities of individuals to direct their emotions towards good performance at work (Law, Wong Song, 2004). ROE provides a measure of an individual’s ability to regulate his or her emotions and overcome a psychological depression that may come their way. The other material used in the research is the Global Measure of Perceived Stress (GMPS) that provides a measure of perceived stress of an individual on a universal scale. The instrument used to obtain such data is Perceived Stress Scale (Cohen, Kamarck and Mermelstein, 1983). This contains ten items e ach providing a measure of the extent of stressful situations perceived in an individual’s life. The scores are provided on a Likert scale (ranging from 0 for never to 4 for very often). The study also used Occupational Self-efficacy Scale as it applies in the academic setting instead of the workplace. Procedure The participants were each provided with the different sets of questionnaires and required to fill the relevant information under the supervision of the course tutor. This was pat of the coursework and the participants were to receive no compensation for taking part in the study. Results In order to study the gender differences for the different measures under study, a test of difference of means between the two samples (males and females) was conducted for all the variables. Two-sample t-test is appropriate for this analysis (Lowry, 2011). The results are presented in the following table. Table 1. Sample t-test for difference of means based on gender. Variable Mal e Female Mean SD Mean SD Sign. SEA 22.27 3.63 22.12 3.37 ns OEA 20.31 3.81 20.93 3.94 ns UOE 20.26 4.45 20.20 4.55 ns ROE 19.92 4.91 19.42 4.81 ns GMPS 37.60 7.54 38.59 7.53 ns OCCSEFF 33.81 6.42 34.18 6.67 ns SEA : Self-Emotion AppraisalAdvertising Looking for research paper on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More OEA : Others Emotion Appraisal UOE : Use of Emotion ROE : Regulation of Emotion GMPS : Global Measure of Perceived Stress OCCSEFF : Occupational Self-efficacy scale The results in the above table indicate that there was no significant gender difference in the measures observed. For instance, the mean of the scores for males on Self-Emotion Appraisal scale is 22.27 with a standard deviation of 3.63. On the same scale, the mean score for females is 22.12 with a standard deviation of 3.37. On the GMPS scale, the meals have a mean score of 37.60 with a standard deviation of 7.54 whereas the females have a mean score of 38.59 with a standard deviation of 7.53. Similarly, on the Occupational Self-efficacy scale, the males have a mean score of 33.81 and standard deviation of 6.42 whereas the females have a mean score of 34.18 with a standard deviation of 6.7. A test of comparison of two means for each of the different cases indicates that there are no significant differences in means for a ll the cases. A correlation analysis was also performed to check the relationships between different variables corresponding to the above measures. The results are presented in the following table. Table 2. Coefficients of Correlation between different measures. Variables 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 1. Sex 1.00 2. Age -.06 1.00 3. SEA – .02 .05 1.00 4. OEA .08 .02 .32** 1.00 5. UOE -.01 .10 .40** .23** 1.00 6. ROE -.05 .08 .40** .22** .28** 1.00 7. GMPS .06 -.11 -.18 -.08 -.31** -.37** 1.00 8. OCCSEFF .03 .09 .37** .22** .54** .38** -.33** 1.00 The correlation analysis showed that there were significant correlations between some variables and no or insignificant relationships between other variables. The results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between global measure of perceived stress and the occupational self-efficacy (-.33, p.01). This implies that individuals who have a perception that they are highly efficac ious are likely to experience less stress, and vice versa. The results also indicate that there is a significant positive correlation between occupational self-efficacy and the individuals’ use of emotions (.54, p.01). This implies that the higher the individuals’ perception of the abilities, the high their abilities to direct their emotions towards enhancing performance at work. Occupational self-efficacy has significant positive correlation with other measures like Regulation of Emotions (.38, p.01), appraisal of others’ emotions (.22, p.01), and Self-emotion appraisal (.37, p.01). Perceived stress has significant negative correlation with use of emotion (-31, p.01) and regulation of emotions (-37, p.01). This implies that individuals with low ability to regulate and use their emotions appropriately are like to experience stress. All the WLEIS measures on emotional intelligence have significant positive correlations with each other. For instance, self-emotion appraisal has a significant positive correlation both with use of emotion (.44, p.01) and with regulation of emotion (.44, p.01). On the other hand, Sex and Age had no significant relationship with any of the measures. There is no significant correlation between perceived stress and self-emotion appraisal (-.18, p.01). Similarly, there is no significant correlation between global perceived stress and the appraisal of other’s emotions (-.08, p.01). Discussion Juts like the previous study that had been conducted, the results provide evidence that there is a significant positive correlation between self-efficacy and emotional intelligence. Emotional intelligence was measured in four different dimensions and each dimension showed a positive correlation with self-efficacy. The results indicate that there is a significant negative correlation between emotional intelligence and perceived stress. The social-cognitive theory holds that self-efficacy has influence on the personal behav iors, affect, and motivational processes (Luszczynska et al, 2005, p.82). Perceived stress showed significant negative correlation with two aspects of emotional intelligence; use of emotions (-.31, p.01) and regulation of emotions (-.37, p.01). This supports the claim that was initially given for the study. This is similar to the results that had been obtained by Panda (2008), and conform to the theoretical principles in psychology. Previous researches have indicated correlations between different traits in human beings (Bono Judge, 2003, p.8). High level of emotional intelligence implies that an individual can exhibit psychological adaptation to different stressful situation thereby reducing stress (Panda, 2008). It is associated with high academic performance in some educational subjects (Petrides et al, 2004, p287). Similarly, the results support the hypothesis that self-efficacy is negatively correlated with perceived stress. An individual who has confidence in his or her abili ties is also able to develop an adaptation to the stress and depression experienced. On the other hand, the claim that there is a gender difference in the different measures was not supported by the results. For all the six measures that were used in this study, a comparison of means of the male scores and the female scores showed no significant differences. This differs with earlier reports Tappia (1999) and Dunn (2002) (both cited in Panda 2008) that females and males had some different personality traits. The results of this study are of significance in the fields of psychology and organizational management. It shows that a knowledge and proper cultivation emotional intelligence is the key to managing stress. Various organizations have applied the concept of emotional intelligence to develop employee motivation programmes (Cote et al, 2006). Developing an effective organizational culture requires a focus on the relations and emotions of the people in the organization (Alvesson, Sveningsson, 2008, p.35). Self-efficacy is important for human achievement in different area (Gundlach et al, 2003, p.230).The promotion of self-efficacy in an individual is essential in helping the individual manage stress and enhance his performance in academics and at workplaces. Managers with better understanding of the different components of organizational behavior like stress and emotions are better positioned to overcome the management challenges (French et al, 2011, p.11). The study had no limitations. The number of participants in the study was relatively large with a good proportion for each gender category. Perhaps the only limiting factor that may be considered in future researches is the age variation of the participants. The effects of age on these measures may be illustrated if a wide range is used in the study. Reference List Alvesson, M. Sveningsson, S. 2008, Changing organizational culture: cultural change work in progress, Routledge, London. Bono, J. and Judge, T. 2003, â€Å"Core Self-Evaluations: A Review of the Trait and its Role in Job Satisfaction and Job Performance.† European Journal of Personality, 17;5-18. Web. Cohen, S., Kamarck, T. Mermelstein, R. 1983, A global measure of perceived stress. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, vol. 24, no. 4, pp. 385-396. Cote, J. et al. 2006, Emotional intelligence, cognitive intelligence, and job performance. Administrative Science Quarterly, 51: 1–28. Web. French, R. et al. 2011, Organizational behavior, Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, Queensland. Gundlach, M. et al. 2003, â€Å"Emotional intelligence, causal reasoning, and the self-efficacy development process†, International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol.11, no. 3, pp. 229-246. Web. Jordan, P. et al. 2002, â€Å"Emotional intelligence as a moderator of emotional and behavioral reactions to job insecurity,† Academy of management review, 27(3), 361-372. Web. Law, K., Wong, C. and Song, L. 2004, â €Å"The Construct and Criterion Validity of Emotional Intelligence and Its Potential Utility for Management Studies,† Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(3), 483–496. Web. Lowry, R. 2011, Chapter11: t-Test for the Significance of the Difference between the Means of Two Independent Samples. Web. Luszczynska, A. et al. 2005, â€Å"General self-efficacy in various domains of human functioning: evidence from five countries†, International Journal of Psychology, vol. 40, no. 2, pp. 80-89. Web. Panda, Y. 2008, â€Å"Emotional intelligence and perceived stress,† ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, 7(3), pp13-16. Petrides, K. et al. 2004, â€Å"The role of trait emotional intelligence in academic performance and deviant behavior at school,† Personality and Individual Differences, 36; 277–293. Web. Rathi, N. Rastogi, R. 2008, â€Å"Effect of emotional intelligence on occupational self-efficacy,† ICFAI Journal of Organizational Behavior, 7 (2), pp 46-56. Rathi, N. Rastogi, R. 2009, â€Å"Assessing the Relationship between Emotional Intelligence, Occupational Self-Efficacy, and Organizational Commitment†. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology 35(Special Issue), 93-102. Web. Schyns, B. Moldzio, T. n.d., The value of occupational self-efficacy in selection and development. Web. This research paper on The Relationship between Self-Efficacy and Perceived Stress was written and submitted by user Jackson Huffman to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Week Three Quiz Essay

Week Three Quiz Essay Week Three Quiz Essay University of Phoenix Week Three Quiz Directions: Based on your readings and discussions in class this week, select the best answer. Utilize the Text Highlight feature or Bold your response. 1. Which of the following is not an effective way to think about money? a. Live below your means but within your needs. b. Only purchase needs, not wants. c. Financial freedom requires making a lot of money. d. Pay yourself first. 2. The best place for your emergency savings fund is a. in a liquid account at a bank or credit union that offers you the highest interest rate possible b. in a fireproof safe within your home; you want to be able to get to your money quickly in an emergency c. in your checking account or your debit-card account so you can get it right away- keep a mental note of what part of your balance is to be spent only on emergencies d. in a Roth IRA- you can always withdraw your contributions without a penalty or tax 3. If the money you have coming in each month (your take-home pay) is less than the money going out each month to pay the bills, you should a. make up the difference by using a credit card with a very low interest rate b. stop paying your credit card in full; paying just the minimum due gives you more money each month c. look through your spending for the single biggest expense you can eliminate completely to make your income equal what you spend d. find ways to trim spending from multiple spending categories till you have made up the shortfall 4. When selecting and using a debit card, you should avoid a. monitoring your account every other day b. prepay cards that allow you to load more money onto them c. debit cards tied to your checking account d. overdraft protection that allows you to spend more than you have 5. How do you make sure the money you deposit at a bank or credit union is 100% safe- that you are guaranteed to get every penny back no matter what? a. Keep the money in a checking or savings account, not a money-market fund. b. Keep cash in a safe-deposit box at a bank that you have access to seven days a week. c. Just make sure your balance is never more than $50,000 at a single bank or credit union, because that is the limit that financial institutions can guarantee. d. Confirm that a bank is a member of the Federal Deposit Insurance Corp. (FDIC) or a credit union is a member of the National Credit Union Share Insurance Fund (NCUSIF), and never have more in your account than the maximum insured amount. 6. What is the main disadvantage of using only a debit card? a. Debit card purchases are not reported to credit reporting agencies and therefore will not help

Geology and Topography of Antarctica

Geology and Topography of Antarctica Antarctica is not an ideal place for a geologist to work - it is widely considered one of the coldest, driest, windiest and, during winter, darkest places on Earth. The kilometers-thick ice sheet sitting on top of 98 percent of the continent makes geologic study even more difficult. Despite these uninviting conditions, geologists are slowly gaining a better understanding of the fifth-largest continent through the use of gravity meters, ice-penetrating radar, magnetometers, and seismic instruments. Geodynamic Setting and History Continental Antarctica makes up just a portion of the much larger Antarctic Plate, which is surrounded by mostly mid-ocean ridge boundaries with six other major plates. The continent has an interesting geologic history - it was part of the supercontinent Gondwana as recently as 170 million years ago and made a final split from South America 29 million years ago. Antarctica has not always been covered in ice. At numerous times in its geologic history, the continent was warmer due to a more equatorial location and differing paleoclimates. It is not rare to find fossil evidence of vegetation and  dinosaurs  on the now-desolate continent. The most recent large-scale glaciation is thought to have begun around 35 million years ago. Antarctica has traditionally been thought of as sitting on a stable, continental shield with little geologic activity. Recently, scientists installed 13 weather-resistant seismic stations on the continent that measured the speed of earthquake waves through underlying bedrock and mantle. These waves change speed and direction whenever they encounter a different temperature or pressure in the mantle or a different composition in the bedrock, allowing geologists to create a virtual image of the underlying geology. The evidence revealed deep trenches, dormant volcanoes, and warm anomalies, suggesting that the area may be more geologically active than once thought. From space, Antarcticas geographic features seem, for lack of a better word, nonexistent. Underneath all of that snow and ice, however, lie several mountain ranges. The most prominent of these, the  Transantarctic  Mountains, are over 2,200 miles long and split the continent into two distinct halves: East Antarctica and West Antarctica. East Antarctica sits on top of a Precambrian craton, made up of mostly metamorphic rocks like gneiss and schist.  Sedimentary deposits from the Paleozoic to Early Cenozoic age lie above it.  Western Antarctica, on the other hand, is made up of orogenic belts from the past 500 million years. The summits and high valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains are some of the only places on the entire continent not covered in ice.  The other areas that are free from ice can be found on the  warmer Antarctic Peninsula, which extends 250 miles northward from West Antarctica  towards South America. Another mountain range, the  Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, rises almost 9,000 feet above sea level over a 750-mile expanse in East Antarctica. These mountains, however, are covered by several thousand feet of ice. Radar imaging reveals sharp peaks and low valleys with topography comparable to the European Alps. The East Antarctic Ice Sheet has encased the mountains and protected them from erosion rather than smoothing them into glacial valleys. Glacial Activity Glaciers affect not only the topography of Antarctica but also its underlying geology. The weight of ice in West Antarctica literally pushes the bedrock down, depressing low-lying areas below sea level. Seawater near the edge of the ice sheet creeps between the rock and glacier, causing the ice to move much faster towards the sea. Antarctica is completely surrounded by an ocean, allowing sea ice to greatly expand in winter. Ice normally covers around 18 million square miles at the September maximum (its winter) and decreases to 3 million square miles during the February minimum (its summer).  NASAs Earth Observatory has a nice side-by-side graphic comparing the maximum and minimum sea ice cover of the past 15 years. Antarctica is almost a geographic opposite of the Arctic, which is an ocean semi-enclosed by landmasses. These surrounding landmasses inhibit sea ice mobility, causing it to pile up into high and thick ridges during the winter. Come summer, these thick ridges stay frozen longer. The Arctic retains around 47 percent (2.7 of 5.8 million square miles) of its ice during warmer months. The extent of Antarcticas sea ice has increased by approximately one percent per decade since 1979 and reached record-breaking levels in 2012 to 2014. These gains do not make up for diminishing sea ice in the Arctic, however, and global sea ice continues to disappear at a rate of 13,500 square miles (larger than the state of Maryland) per year.

Bibliography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Bibliography - Essay Example Investors who are risk-averse and are searching for a recognized periodic payment arrangement usually prefer to invest in bonds. On the other hand, investors who wish to risk more than is the case with bondholders, and are seeking to be included as joint partners in a corporation. Investors who are risk-averse and are searching for a recognized periodic payment arrangement usually prefer to invest in bonds. On the other hand, investors who wish to risk more than is the case with bondholders, and are seeking to be included as joint partners in a corporation. The source describes one disadvantage in investing in stocks being that they do not necessarily guarantee returns. Bonds, however, guarantee returns (Kristof, 17). The source also states that there are greater prospects of high returns with stocks, even though there is also the likelihood of losing money. Compare and contrast the advantages and disadvantages of each? Milevsky, Moshe. Are You a Stock or a Bond?: Identify Your Own H uman Capital for a Secure Financial Future, Updated and Revised. New York: FT Press, 2012. The source describes stocks and bonds as being types of investment that give people the chance to invest their money in a specific business establishments in the hope of accruing handsome profits in future. Though both of these have a number of similarities, they also differ considerably in many ways. Both of these financial tools, in general, allow an individual to be able to invest in private or public companies, in the hope of being a future beneficiary through accrued profits. Stocks, which define the ownership shares in a corporation, are often the most favored by short time investor. One disadvantage in investing in stocks is that they do not necessarily guarantee returns. Bonds, however, guarantee returns. Therefore, there are greater prospects of high returns with stocks, even though there is also the likelihood of losing money. The source asserts that stocks are descriptive of a busin ess’s shares (Milevsky, 84). When a shareholder uses his own money to buy stocks from the company, he is actually acquiring ownership of the business. When the business realizes any profit, a percentage of it is given to the shareholders. In the matter of bonds, when a person invests in them, he is actually lending money to the business in question with the expectation that the firm will reimburse the bonds' amount along with a pre-determined interest rate on a definite time period. According to the source, business establishments may need to raise capital in such ways in order to expand into different localities or new ventures. They also raise capital in order to fund their businesses. Usually, it is the developing businesses that favor issuing stocks to get the necessary finances as this facilitates their growth while helping them to avoid accumulating more debt. The larger corporations are more likely to prefer acquiring capital by availing bonds without giving the chance of ownership to additional shareholders. The Risks involved in making investments in stocks and bonds Bernstein, William. The Ages of the Investor: A Critical Look at Life-cycle Investing. New York: CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform, 2012. The source states that for the most part, making such investments in a company always has different risks for the shareholder; but can also deliver handsome profits (Bernstein,

Swimming pools Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Swimming pools - Essay Example There are many reasons for beaches being contaminated. "Fecal contamination occurs due to improperly constructed and operated septic systems and sewage treatment plants, manure spills, storm water runoff from lands with wildlife and pet droppings, or direct contamination from waterfowl, livestock, or small children in the water" (Iowa Department of Natural Resources). Other reasons are the presence of pathogens in the intestines of warm-blooded animals including human beings. The best way to identify fecal contamination is to use indicator bacteria. Escherichia coli or E. coli and Enterococcus sp. are the indicators used by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) office to identify fecal contamination in seas, lakes, ricers, etc. The indicator bacteria, which are used to identify fecal contamination don't make anyone sick. They are found everywhere in the environment. Presence in high levels of these indicators indicates that has come into contact with fecal material and pathogens or disease causing organisms may be present. Diseases like Diarrhea may be the result when anyone comes in contact with the contaminated water. Illnesses like sore throat, vomiting, sinus infections, stomachache, fever, headache and other skin related diseases might be caused due to the fecal contamination. One of the difficult tasks for every health organization is to monitoring the beaches.

Diabetes an Epidemic in the African American Community Essay -- Biolog

Diabetes an Epidemic in the African American Community "The facts are clear: The diabetes epidemic sweeping the U.S. is hitting the African American community particularly hard, according to doctors." (2) Diabetes is defined as, "A disease that affects the body's ability to produce or respond to insulin, a hormone that allows blood glucose (blood sugar) to enter the cells of the body and be used for energy." (1) There are two types of diabetes: type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. Type 1 diabetes, which usually begins during childhood or adolescence, "Is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by total lack of insulin. This occurs when the body's immune system attacks the insulin producing beta cells in the pancreas and destroys them.." (2) Type 2 Diabetes, most common form of the disease, "Usually occurring in middle age adults after the age of forty-five, is a condition characterized by high blood glucose levels caused by either lack of insulin or the body's inability to use insulin efficiently." (2) National heal th surveys over the past 35 years show that the number of African American's that have been diagnosed with diabetes is drastically increasing. In fact, it has been reported, "Out of 16 million Americans with diabetes, twenty-three million are African Americans." (3) There are clearly many implications on why diabetes is so rampant in the African American community, those of which will be discussed in this report. In this report, I will exam aspects of the "African American Culture," in order to determine whether those aspects have anything to do with the reasons why diabetes is higher in the African American community, more so than others. "Have you ever heard in the Black culture someone say t... ... amounts of oils and sugars in food, improper dieting and apathy towards treating the disease. Diabetes is a major disease in all ethnicities, particularly in African Americans and can be deadly if not treated properly. If the cycle of diabetes is to lessen, in the African American community, people have to take the approach to eat right and exercise, or else the diabetes will continue to run rampant throughout the community. Internet Sources: 1) http://www.diabetes.org/community/outreach/african_americans/diabetesin.jsp , a rich resource from the diabetes community outreach project 2) http://www.ndep.nih.gov/diabetes/control/4Steps.htm , a rich resource from the department of health and diabetes. 3 http://diabetes.niddk.nih.gov/dm/pubs/africanamerican/index.htm, a rich resource on diabetes 4) http://66.102.126.72?Diabetes.htm, a rich resource on diabetes

Medication vs. Natural Treatment for ADHD Essay

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (also known as ADHD) is an increasing struggle among children in today’s society that affects them at home, in their social lives and academically. Many people think that all-natural treatments are the only way to help children who struggle with ADHD; however, despite the controversy over using medication with possible side effects, Adderall can be a helpful tool in the battle against ADHD. ADHD is a chronic neurological condition that affects millions of children and can often carry into adulthood. Signs and symptoms of ADHD may include trouble staying focused, trouble listening, difficulty completing tasks, fidgets and squirms and tends to be forgetful. Clearly, having these symptoms can make it difficult for a child to succeed in school and in other activities as well. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011) Many people believe that medication will affect a child negatively but medications are used every day to help with medical issues. For instance, if your child had diabetes would you hesitate to treat the disease with medication? Obviously, parents would do what was needed to help their child overcome this disease. In the same way, we need to be open to the idea of using medication to treat ADHD. There are many treatments available to help in the battle against ADHD. Medication is a controversial subject when it comes to treating any disorder; however, when medicine is used under a doctor’s supervision and distributed correctly, it can have a positive effect on the problem. When medication is taken, it enters the bloodstream and the key ingredients begin to stimulate the brains production of norepinephrine and dopamine which improves a person’s concentration and alertness. People with ADHD also tend to suffer from high blood pressure and rapid heartbeat but when medication is taken, it can help to get these problems under control and return the person’s system back to a normal state. (Nall) Another method of treatment that is widely used is natural treatment such as dieting and counseling. Some people may see positive results with Natural Treatments but for some children, medication is the only way to get their symptoms under control. Some experts believe that ADHD can be caused by food allergies and that by using the elimination diet, you can locate the allergy and treat the symptoms. In an elimination diet, you remove foods one at a time that your doctor believes may be causing the symptoms. Gradually, you begin re-introducing these foods back into your diet and when your symptoms return, then a diagnosis can be confirmed. (â€Å"Elimination diet and,† 2011) There has also been much thought put into the effect that processed sugar has on ADHD and research shows that it can have an effect on children’s activity levels. Nutritionists suggest that adding high fiber foods such as berries and other fruits, whole grains and oatmeal to your child’s diet that it can help manage their glucose levels and aid in the treatment of ADHD. These diets may be useful in the battle against ADHD but you can’t guarantee that this will help with the symptoms. There are so many processed foods available in the market today that it is very hard to keep sugar and other processed ingredients out of your diet. In order to follow through on the diet, one must make their child’s food and snacks and keep up on a very strict regime to make sure that they do not consume the â€Å"culprit† foods. Not every person can keep up on a diet to this extreme and that is when medication is available to help keep the symptoms under control. Counseling such as behavioral training can be an effective treatment for ADHD. Also available is learning behavior management that can be an essential part of any ADHD treatment. There are three levels of ADHD behavioral training that they focus on: * Parent training * Classroom behavior modification * Special education placement Although behavioral training management can be effective, according to WebMD, most experts agree that combining behavior management along with medication treatment can be the most effective treatment plan. One medication that has been used to treat ADHD is Adderall (Dextroamphetamine-amphetamine). Adderall was approved for treatment by the FDA in 1996 and has become a very popular choice in treatment. Adderall is considered a stimulant medication and according to The Mayo Clinic it appears to boost and balance levels of brain chemicals called neurotransmitters. Adderall helps to improve symptoms such as attention problems, impulsivity and hyperactivity. (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2011) Adderall has many possible side effects that can cause concern, but if under a doctor’s supervision it is considered a safe treatment. (Monson & Schoenstadt, 2008) When taking treatments into consideration, one must figure out if the side effects of the medicine are a small price to pay to conquer the annoying and life interrupting symptoms of ADHD. There are many benefits to both methods of treatment. When using the natural methods such as diet and counseling, you do not have the possibility of side effects like you do with the medication but for more severe forms of ADHD, you do not see as high of an improvement rate. Although there are the chances of side effects when taking Adderall, it does have more of a calming effect on the patient. The benefits of using Adderall include being able to focus, sit still, complete schoolwork and help in many other areas that ADHD affects. I know that with my own personal experience as we have walked through the battle of ADHD with my son, it is difficult to find the correct treatment plan that needs to be followed. We tried diets and counseling but could not seem to get a grasp on his symptoms. After being against medication for such a long time, we finally sat down with our pediatrician and explored all options available to us. Our pediatrician explained to us that when people have cancer, they need treatments of chemotherapy and or radiation to kill the disease. In my opinion, Adderall is the â€Å"chemotherapy and radiation† for ADHD. We tried for many years to help our son succeed in school and it wasn’t until we started his treatment of Adderall twice a day that we started to see improvement. Adderall is not an â€Å"instant† fix but given time, it is effective. Our son is now going into high school and not only does he have passing grades, but we no longer get calls from the teachers because he is unable to sit still and pay attention. Anytime medications are used in treatment plans, there is always a possibility of side effects. By going about treatment with medication in the proper manner and following your doctor’s advice, Adderall and other medications can be a very useful tool in gaining control of your child’s ADHD. I do believe that natural treatments are always the best option and should be considered first, but when these treatments do not help solve the issue then you need to consider other options. When your child suffers from ADHD and it affects all areas of their lives, you need to be open to whatever options are available to help you get the situation under control. By using Adderall and natural treatments such as diet and counseling together, you can get control back of your child’s behavior and see many benefits in the home, social setting and school settings. References (2011). amphetamine and dextroamphetamine, adderall. Retrieved from http://www.medicinenet.com/amphetamine_and_dextroamphetamine/article.htm Elimination diet and food challenge test for diagnosing allergies. (2011). Retrieved from http://www.webmd.com/allergies/allergies-elimination-diet Mayo Clinic Staff. (2011, Feburary 10). Mayo clinic. Retrieved from http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/adhd/DS00275 Monson, K., & Schoenstadt, A. (2008, July 10). emedtv.com. Retrieved from http://adhd.emedtv.com/adderall/adderall.html Nall, R. (n.d.). ehow.com. Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5406378_adderall-work-add_.html

Case Analysis The Drug Abuse Essay - 1820 Words

Introduction My case analysis paper is on an individual that suffered drug abuse for many years and now living each day to stay sober. My client is identified as a white, 26-year-old women living in Cleveland, Ohio. She grew up in a very small country town and had a very close and loving family. Her drug of choice was Heroin, crack-cocaine and anything she could get her hands on to get a fix. My client’s substance abuse history was over the course of many years starting out of high school and progressively got worse when hitting her twenties. My client started her drug abuse when she started smoking weed recreationally. â€Å"The notion that while marijuana itself may not be especially dangerous; it ineluctably leads to harder drugs like heroin and cocaine† (Szalavitz). At the age of 22 she was deep into her addiction using heroin on a daily basis, in and out of jails, rehabs and her family home. 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Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Essay

Stevensons The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde Firstly, telling The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde from Dr Jekylls point of view would have presented a number of problems. The elements of tension provided by telling the story from others points of view would be lost, and therefore the definitive style of the book would have to be changed for one less exciting, and the plot would progress far slower. Also, telling the story from different peoples perspectives makes the text physically longer, and although this isnt an essential quality, without the length the story may have been regarded as a short story and not received so much acclaim. Most of the tale is told from the†¦show more content†¦This Darwinism was very fashionable, and people were obsessed with the idea of physical change and metamorphosis in people. It was also popular to lead two lives, one as a respectable member of society, and the other, an after hours life. Without the perspectives of Jekyll (Dr Jekylls Full Statement of the Case) and Lanyon (Dr Lanyons Narrative), the dual lives of Jekyll and Hyde would never be discovered. This would have made the book far less admired, as the attractive principles of mutation and change would have been missing from the book. The appealing idea of a first person perspective of a person leading two lives; and two such abnormal lives; would be lost, and with it the appeal of the book. In Chapter 1, the book begins with Uttersons point of view, but with a story told by Uttersons friend, Enfield. If Stevenson had chosen to tell the story from Uttersons perspective, this chapter would not have changed, although it is very useful in giving a first impression of the detestable Hyde, and gives the reader an example of a Victorian phrase for doctor, sawbones. Chapter 2 shows another example of the popular double lives of some Victorian people, as Utterson leaves his house in the middle of the night, which throws a sense of mystery and secrecy into the character of Utterson. Also, when Utterson meets Llanyon, he seems far tooShow MoreRelated Robert Louis Stevenson’s The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde2544 Words   |  11 Pagesâ€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde† is a gothic horror novella written by Robert Louis Stevenson in the Victorian era. The novella follows a well-respected doctor - Henry Jekyll - and his struggle between good and evil when he takes a potion and becomes Mr Hyde. Robert Louis Stevenson - the author of the novella â€Å"The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde†- was born in Edinburgh in 1850 and died at the young age of forty-four. He wrote the book in 1886. 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While most people think that The Strange CaseRead MoreAnalysis Of The Book Where Dr. Jekyll 1163 Words   |  5 PagesBrodie and Dr. Knox were both from Edinburgh and both lived â€Å"double-lives†, this undoubtedly had a major impact upon Stevenson’s imagination and later his writings. (Stefan 5) â€Å"While growing up Stevenson had a friend and the son of Sir James Simpson, the developer of medical anesthesia, the two friends would â€Å"experiment† with chloroform, for the enjoyment of it.† (Stefan 5) This experimenting carries a familiarity with it that would later be found in the character of Dr. Jekyll in Stevenson’s novel,Read MoreThe Strange Case Of Dr. Jekyll And Mr. Hyde : Literary Review1515 Words   |  7 PagesThe Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde: Literary Review The Romantic era was plagued with class conflict, poverty, and labor issues. The Victorian novel allows those who had access to them discover and focus on moral issues with society. Among the novel that were created during the era, the genre of a gothic novella emerged. Well knowns gothic novellas included Frankenstein, The Picture of Dorian Gray, and The Strange Case of Dr. Jekyll and Mr. Hyde. Robert Stevenson’s gothic novella The Strange

Reforming Immigration Reform - 732 Words

Reforming Immigration Reform Problem Definition In what could arguably have been the shot heard around the world during the 2012 election year, President Obama in June issued an executive order suspending deportations of low-priority undocumented immigrants under the age of 30 (Office of the Press Secretary, 2012). The order targeted young Hispanics who had been brought to the United States by their parents years ago, the so-called Dreamers. During the rest of the campaign, Obama spent considerable time courting the minority vote based on the assumption that his position on immigration reform would be more appealing to Hispanic voters than his opponents (Boyer, 2012). His gamble seems to have paid off. The Department of Homeland Security (DHS) is at the heart of the debate over immigration reform, since federal policies that control paths to citizenship, border security, and deportations of illegal immigrants are mediated by DHS agencies. These agencies include Customs Border Protection, Citizenship Immigration Services (CIS), the Coast Guard, and Immigration Customs Enforcement (ICE) (DHS, 2012). A recently released report from the Migration Policy Institute highlighted the effects of a de facto enforcement first immigration policy that has emerged in the federal government (Meissner, Kerwin, Chishti, and Bergeron, 2013). The primary components of this policy are border security, visa controls, data collection, workplace purges, detention, deportation,Show MoreRelatedThe U.S. Flawed Immigration System Must be Reformed Essay567 Words   |  3 PagesMichael McCaul SUBJECT: Immigration Reform The issue of illegal immigration has daunted this nation for many years. Currently, there are 11 million illegal immigrants living in the United States. Immigration reform is necessary, but amnesty is not. Last year, the United States Senate passed the ‘Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act’ by a vote of 68-32. If this bill becomes law, America will still not have fixed it’s illegal immigration issue. There are many flawsRead MoreImmigration Reform Of The United States1641 Words   |  7 PagesTutor: Institution: Immigration Reform ​Immigration is defined as the act of leaving your country of origin and going to another different one to stay there permanently (Dictionary.com). Reasons, why people escape or leave their original countries, are varied; ranging from war, poverty, natural occurrences such as earthquakes while others just take the step for fun purposes. A reform is a change from the way things were done originally and make them better. Therefore, immigration reform is a term thatRead MoreThe American Immigration System is Broken Essay923 Words   |  4 PagesOn contemporary society, immigration reform is enjoying an increasingly high voice among people. American immigration system is broken. Too many employers take advantage of the system by hiring undocumented workers which currently are estimated at 11 million. This is not good for the economy nor the country. Imaging a day without these undocumented workers in United States. No bus driver, farm worker, cooker, nurse, construction worker, w aiter, house keeper, gardener or nanny can be found. NobodyRead MoreMarco Rubio s Presidential Election905 Words   |  4 Pagesmajority leader and then speaker of the House three years after becoming majority leader. The first reason why Marco Rubio is a great candidate for president, is his stand on immigration. He wants people to come to the United States to have a better life, but he wants them to do it legally and fair. â€Å"We have a legal immigration system that s outdated and needs to be modernized so we can win the global competition for talent. We have millions of people living in this country illegally, many of whomRead MoreAnti- Immigration Attitudes in America Essay608 Words   |  3 Pagestreatment of immigrants and foreigners today, and must be changed by first changing the anti-immigrant attitudes in America. The social structures of politics and laws affect both immigrants and U.S. citizens alike and can only be changed by reforming America’s immigration system. Racial prejudice and nativism are still social issues that define our present reality and affect us all. Everyday, immigrants in America find themselves victims of hate crimes like genocide because of their race and ethnicity (WongRead MoreNational Peace Essay1334 Words   |  5 Pageseconomic stability. Revolutions have paved pathways for renaissance and creation. However, if the country does not set a firm pathway outlining rights and rules, it may find itself back in a similar situation. That is precisely why security sector reform plays such a huge role in a countries well-being. Many security sectors in dictating countries are used to macabre displays of superiority to maintain control. Turning the security sector into trustworthy and approachable is no menial task, but itRead MoreUndocumented Immigrants Should Not Be A Citizen Of The United States1574 Words   |  7 Pagesto claim for themselves would be detrimental to our relatively new and fragile country. Today, it’ s a question President Barack Obama and Congress have been trying to answer. As the President and lawmakers, alike, negotiate the contours of an immigration reform bill, they should keep in mind that the granting of legal status to undocumented immigrants would be a boon for the United States’ economy. Moreover, allowing undocumented immigrants to become U.S. citizens would be equally beneficial to AmericaRead MoreThe Eu Summit On Immigration And Asylum Policy1486 Words   |  6 Pages1. Statement of Issue/Problem The general topic of the EU Summit is reforms on immigration and asylum policy within the EU, specifically regarding the Schengen agreement and the Dublin II Regulation. France, Denmark, and Netherlands propose to alter the Schengen area agreement in order to allow member states a greater amount of control over their national borders in the event of a sudden influx of third country nationals arriving to the country without authorization. Debate over the effectivenessRead MoreThe State Of Californi An Alternative Means Of Handling The Concerns Over Immigration1436 Words   |  6 Pagesconcerns over immigration. On August 26th of this year, the president of Mexico paid a visit to California. President Nieto toured the state for two days, delivering speeches directed towards the Mexican immigrants living there. In many of the speeches he delivered while on the tour, Nieto mentioned that both the government of Mexico and leaders in California are going to make substantial contributions towards reforming the treatment of immigrants in the state. They want to reform the life of MexicanRead MoreIllegal Immigration Law740 Words   |  3 Pagesdirector of immigration asserted that human appeared to break with one of Donald’s key campaign assertions that the aliens residing in the United States commit more crimes than the Americans do. Immigrants with criminal records are thus presented with challenging situations, which may increase scrutiny (Morawetz 24). What complicates the matter even though the directive seems to have come from U.S. president is that no law constitutes a criminal alien in the United States immigration laws? Correction

Technology and economy Free Essays

In his book Nomads of South Persia, Frederik Barth (1967) descibes the social, political and economic structure of the Basseri tribal group. This essay aims to summarize the details on the environment, technology, shelter, transportation, economy, and distribution and consumption of goods and services of the Basseri tribe as explicated by Barth (1961). First of all, the Basseri tribe of the Khamseh Confederacy occupies the region from the Persian Gulf to the desert ranges of Lar. We will write a custom essay sample on Technology and economy or any similar topic only for you Order Now The climate in these areas is hot and dry. However, during winter it is cold in the highlands while it is slightly cold in the grasslands. There are four seasons of the year such as winter, spring, summer, and fall in this part of the world. The geographical structure of the land is mountainous from 2,000 to 3, 000 feet above sea level and its mountains are as high as 13, 000 feet. Water in this area comes from rainfall. The amount of rainfall is higher during the winter unlike the amount of rainfall during spring. This water causes vegetation such as sugar cane, dates, fruits and vegetables to grow. These foods together with flour are consumed by the Basseri people. As nomads, the Basseri tribe raises animals such as sheep, goats, donkeys, camels and horses. This animal husbandry causes them to move from one place to another based on the needs of their animals. These animals have varied uses for the tribe. Goats and sheep are useful to the Basseri people for their milk, meat, wool and skin. On the other hand, camels, horses and donkeys are used for transportation especially during the time of migration. In addition to this, camels share a part of the tribe’s source of wool. Even when the Baserri ethnic group is nomadic, it uses technology in the form of its tools and systems. One system is in making butter and buttermilk out of sour milk. This process is done by storing milk in a goatskin placed on a tripod to churn milk into sour milk. Next is the use of wool in weaving and making of ropes. Another is when wool is processed by spinning it on spindle whorl. Lastly, a technology they utilize in continuously producing healthy milk is by placing a small stick through the mouth of a lamb to press down its tongue and is stuck in place with stings (Barth, 1961, 7). Likewise, the Basseri people live in tents which are considered the basic social and economic unit of the tribe. The tents are well-made and are woven out of wool. Tents are usually made when a man and a woman gets married. The mothers of the couple are the ones who weave the tent. Then, the couple begins their lives as a separate unit when they live in the tent. In addition, the Basseri use donkeys, horses and camels for transportation. Donkeys are used to carry women and children. Horses are ridden by men. Camels transport heavy objects or things. Consequently, when it is time for the Basseri to move out from one location to another, they use animals as means of transportation. These animals are the camels, horses and donkeys. When they migrate, the family members ride on the donkeys, camels or horses which are already laden with the family’s belongings while one family member walks by foot in order to guide their herd of animals. Barth (1961) does not mention about the Basseri tribe travelling on water maybe because they are basically land-based. Furthermore, the Basseri’s economy is based on their cyclical migratory patterns. They are known to be â€Å"pastoralists† for they move to the high lands during the summer season and they transfer to the plains during the winter season due to the presence or absence of pasture that their animals need (Microsoft Student). As previously mentioned, they raise sheep, goats, camels, donkeys and horses which are done by the male members of the tribe. The women, alternatively, are the ones who plant vegetation. The division of labor in the tribe is grounded on the age and sex of the person. However, there are certain tasks which are stereotypical to gender. Domestic work in the form of household chores is the task only for the girls and women of the tribe. These tasks may be preparing food, washing dishes, washing clothes, spinning wool and weaving tents. On the other side, boys and men are mainly assigned to provide water and wool, and to repair damaged equipment and tents. They also watch over the herd and they lead their animals and their family when migrating. They might be allowed to help prepare food, or wash clothes but are not allowed to participate in spinning or weaving. Just like any economic system, the people of the tribe distribute goods and services within its constituents. It employs a system of reciprocity where everyone works and contributes for the mutual benefit of everyone in the tribe. The distribution of goods and services similar to the division of labor starts within each household. In the family, each member, depending on the gender, has a task to accomplish and this task has an implication to economy. For example, when women or men milk the sheep, there is an effect to their economy or when the men look after the herd. There is also distribution of goods or services to outsiders as they trade off externally to other tribes and other markets. They also purchase or trade clothing materials, ready-made clothing and footwear, cooking tools, and glass (Barth, 1961, 9-10). Finally, the Basseri ethnic group is an egalitarian society because they do not put emphasis on material goods or wealth especially that they do not have a permanent place to stay. Their concept of wealth and property is focused on the livestock that a family possesses. They consume the meat of sheep and chicken and milk from the sheep. To sum it up, the Basseri tribal people dwell in areas where their animals can find pasture and they move out when this is no longer available. They have their own economic system and they use low technology. They are also not too concerned about their economic status due to their migratory life. References Barth, F. (1961). Nomads of South Persia. Waveland Press: Long Grove, IL. Pastoralism. (2007). Microsoft ® Student 2008 [DVD]. Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. How to cite Technology and economy, Essay examples

Brady Bill And Its Passage Essay Research free essay sample

Brady Bill And Its Passage Essay, Research Paper Brady measure and its passageIntroductionThe legislative procedure in the United States Congress shows us an interesting play inwhich a measure becomes a jurisprudence through via medias made by diverse and sometimes conflictinginterests in this state. There have been many controversial measures passed by Congress, butamong all, I have taken a peculiar involvement in the transition of the Brady measure. When the Bradydebate was in full swing in Congress about three old ages ago, I was still back in my state, Japan, where the ownership of guns is purely restricted by Torahs. While watching televisionnews studies on the Brady argument, I wondered what was doing it so hard for this gun controlbill to go through in this gun force ridden state. In this paper, I will follow the measure # 8217 ; s seven yearhistory in Congress, which I hope will uncover how partizan political relations played a important function in theBrady measure # 8217 ; s transition in this policy doing subdivision. We will write a custom essay sample on Brady Bill And Its Passage Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page The Brady measure took its name from Jim Brady, the former imperativeness secretary of PresidentReagan, who was shot in the caput and partly paralyzed in the blackwash effort on thepresident in 1981. This measure was about a waiting period on pistol purchases leting constabulary tocheck the backgrounds of the prospective purchasers to do certain that guns are non sold toconvicted criminals or to those who are mentally unstable. Even the advocates of the measure agreedthat the consequence of the measure on controling the gun force might be minimum sing the fact that themajority of guns used for condemnable intents were purchased through illegal traders. However, the Brady Bill represented the first major gun control statute law passed by Congress for morethan 20 old ages, and it meant a important triumph for gun control advocates in their manner towardeven stricter gun control statute law in the hereafter. Gun Rights V. Gun ControlThe Brady measure, the Brady Handgun Violence Prevent ion Act, was foremost introduced byEdward F. Feighan ( D-OH ) in the House of the100th Congress as HR975 on February 4,1987. The measure was referred to the Judiciary Committee, and the argument began. Throughout thedebate on the Brady measure, there was ever a clear partizan split ; most of the Democrats, exceptfor those from the Southern provinces, supported the measure while most of the Republicans were in theopposition. For illustration, when the foremost introduced Brady measure lost to an amendment by BillMcCollum ( R-FL ) for a survey of an instant cheque system ( 228-182 ) , most Republicans votedfor the McCollum amendment ( 127 for and 45 against ) while the bulk of the Democratsvoted against it ( 127 for and 137 against ) . The exclusion was the Southern Democrats most ofwhom joined the Republicans to vote for the amendment. This party division was non sosurprising, nevertheless, sing the immense run parts made by the main gun anteroom, the National Rifle Association ( NRA ) , directed largely to the Republicans, and the exclusion ofthe Southern Democrats could be explained by the gun right supportive nature of theirconstituents. In the 1992 election for illustration, this organisation made $ 1.7 million contributionto its sympathetic congressional campaigners and spent another $ 870,000 in independentexpenditures for congressional races.1 The influence the NRA exercised on the statute law wasenormous since the concluding measure passed in 1993 was a via media version reflecting some of theNRA-sought commissariats. I could state that it was because of this relentless anteroom that the Bradybill took every bit long as 7 old ages to go a law.On the other side, the advocators of the measure enjoyed a broad support from the populace aswell as from the Handgun Control Inc. , the main gun control anteroom led by Sarah Brady, the wifeof James Brady. The consistent public support for the measure from the debut through thepassage of the measure was manifested by many polls. One of the polls conducted by NBC Newsand Wall Street Journal on the passage of the measure said that 74 per centum of the 1,002respondents agreed that # 8220 ; the jurisprudence is good but more is needed. # 8221 ; 2 It is without inquiry that thispublic support played a important function in the eventual transition of the bill.The Brady measure passed the House in the 102nd CongressAfter about four old ages from its first debut to the Congress, the Brady measure wasreintroduced to the House in the 102nd Congress as HR 7 on January 3, 1991, sponsored by76 representatives including Feighan, William J Hughes ( D-NJ ) , and Charles Schumer ( D-NY ) .The measure was referred to the Judiciary Committee, and the hearings began in the JudiciarySubcommittee on Crime on March 21, 1991. As written, this measure required a weeklong waitingperiod on the pistol purchases. Schumer, the president every bit good as the head patron of the measure, explained before the Subcommittee that the Brady measure # 8220 ; has a really simple intent: to maintain lethalhandguns out of the custodies of people who shouldn # 8217 ; Ts have them.3 # 8243 ; Aside from the house supportfrom the populace, the measure besides gained the backup from the former president Reagan who, in atribute to James Brady, said that it is # 8220 ; merely kick common sense that there be a waiting period toallow local jurisprudence enforcement functionaries to carry on background cheques on those who wish to purchase ahandgun. # 8221 ; 4 This Reagan # 8217 ; s comment was important since he had long been a member of theNRA. On April 10, the Subcommittee approved to direct the measure to the Judiciary Committee bythe ballot of 9-4. The ballots were clearly divided along the party line with the exclusive exclusion ofF. James Sensenbrenner Jr. ( R-WI ) , one of the few GOP protagonists of the measure, who joined theDemocrats to vote for it. In the interim, the lobbying by both sides had inte nsified. The NRAclaimed that the measure went against the rule of the Constitution, indicating out the SecondAmendment which says: # 8220 ; A good regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to maintain and bear Weaponries, shall non be infringed. # 8221 ; They argued that it wasnot the guns but the people who committed offenses, stating that tougher sentences for thecriminals would work better than the waiting period in cut downing offenses. On the other manus, James Brady was buttonholing intensely in his wheelchair supported by his-wife-led HandgunControl Inc. , which had an emotional entreaty to other members of Congress.In the Judiciary Committee, Harley O. Staggers Jr. ( D-WV ) , pushed by the NRA, proposed a replacement measure ( HR 1412 ) which would necessitate provinces to put up an instant checksystem so that gun traders could happen out instantly on a telephone call whether the purchaserhad a condemnable record without an y delay. The Staggers # 8217 ; alternate, nevertheless, reminded many ofthe McCollum amendment that wrecked the Brady measure in 1988. With the recognition ofthe Attorney General, Dick Thornburgh, that the practical usage of such instant cheque systemwould be old ages away,5 the Staggers # 8217 ; replacement was rejected by the Committee by the ballot of11-23. The commission so proceeded to vote on the Brady measure ( HR 7 ) , O.K.ing it by the 23-11 ballot. On May 8, the Staggers # 8217 ; amendment was rejected once more ( 193-234 ) on the floor. TheHouse went on to O.K. the weeklong waiting period Brady measure by the ballot of 239-186, puting it on the Senate calendar on June 3. Argument in the SenateIn the Senate, the advocates of the Brady measure, including the Majority Leader George J. Mitchell ( D-ME ) , were working hard to maintain the Brady linguistic communication portion of the omnibus crimelegislation ( S-1241 ) which had already been passed by the House-Senate conf erencecommittee. Ted Stevens ( R-AK ) proposed an amendment to replace the waiting period with aninstant-check system. This amendment was really much similar to the Staggers # 8217 ; proposal made inthe House, guaranting that the possible purchasers who were eligible for the purchase would non haveto delay to purchase a gun. Stevens and other GOP oppositions argued that the waiting period wouldnot cut down the offense rate since it would non impact the bulk of felons who could purchaseguns illicitly while impacting the observant citizens # 8217 ; Second Amendment right to buy a gunfor athleticss and runing intents. In response to this statement, Mitchell and his other pro-BradyDemocrats maintained that developing a package for a national blink of an eye background checksystem would take old ages, and even if it was available, instant cheques would non work every bit adeterrent to hot-blooded offenses by those without condemnable records. Mitchell called the Stevens # 8217 ; progr am # 8220 ; a transparent attempt to extinguish the waiting period, # 8221 ; 6 stating that it was merely a pretense tothe populace to back gun command while really barricading it. On June 28, the Senate rejected the Stevens # 8217 ; amendment by the ballot of 44-54 with allbut nine Democrats, all from Southern or rural provinces, voting against it. The 54 ballots, nevertheless, were non plenty for the Brady advocators since they would necessitate 6 more ballots to halt a possibleGOP filibuster. On the other manus, filibustering was non the best solution for the GOPopponents neither, since in making so, they would hold to give the offense measure they wanted. Resulting from this state of affairs was a via media by Mitchell, Metzenbaum, and the GOPleader Bob Dole ( R-KS ) . In this via media, the length of the waiting period was changedfrom seven yearss to five concern yearss, and a new proviso was added which would stop thewaiting period in two and a half old ages upon the Attorn ey General # 8217 ; s verification that the instantcheck system met certain criterions. However, it was the six ballots that determined the fateof the Brady measure in the 102nd Congress. The Senate failed to take concluding action before the terminal ofthe 1991 congressional session, and even with the transition in the House, the Brady measure still hadto wait two more old ages for its concluding transition. In the 103rd Congress ( House ) In 1993, the twelvemonth in which the Brady measure got enacted, there was a turning national tidefavoring stricter gun control. The Brady advocates were cheerful with an outlook that thelong-debated measure would eventually go through that twelvemonth. The rush in the public support was assuring ; aCNN/USA Today/Gallup Poll conducted during March 12 through 14 showed that 88 percentof their 1,007 respondents favored the bill.7 The gun control advocates besides had two significantvictories in two States ; in Virginia, a statute law was passed cu rtailing pistol purchases to onegun purchase per month, and in New Jersey, the NRA and other gun rights advocates lost intheir attempt to revoke the province # 8217 ; s prohibition on selling assault rifles. Furthermore, the 103rd Congresshad a pro-Brady president. In contrast to Bush, a longtime NRA member, President Clintonopenly expressed his support for the measure ; in his address to Congress on February 17, he said: # 8220 ; Ifyou pass the Brady measure, I # 8217 ; ll certain mark it. # 8221 ; Confronting this countrywide pro-Brady tide, Even the NRAshowed a little alteration in its linguistic communication ; James Jay Baker, the top NRA lobbyist, said that hisorganization might be able to O.K. certain version of the bill.8 In this favourable ambiance, the Brady measure was introduced in the103rd Congress in theHouse as HR 1025 on February 22, 1993 by Schumer and 98 other cosponsors, referred to theJudiciary Committee. The president of the Committee, Jack Brooks ( D-TX ) a greed to maintain thebill separate from his other overall offense statute law ( HR 3131 ) , promoting the Bradysupporters with a hope to go through the measure before the scheduled Thanksgiving dissolution. By thedirection of the Rules Committee, the House voted on the House Resolution 302, a ruleproviding for the floor consideration of the Brady measure, O.K.ing it by the ballot of 238-182. Aswritten, the measure provided for a five-day waiting period upon pistol purchases every bit good as theestablishment of a national instant felon background cheque system. The measure besides had aprovision necessitating that the waiting period stage out upon the Attorney General # 8217 ; s blessing of theviability of the countrywide instant cheque. The measure by so already represented a compromisebetween the Brady waiting period and the NRA blink of an eye check.On the floor, the GOP oppositions proposed a series of amendments. George W. Gekas ( R-PA ) offered an amendment stoping the waitin g period after five old ages from its enforcementregardless of the viability of the replacement instant cheque system. Schumer argued that the Gekas # 8217 ; alleged sundown proviso was an unrealistic deadline, indicating out the changing condemnable recordkeeping of each States. However, Gekas and other advocates of the amendment insisted thatthe sundown proviso was necessary in order to coerce the Justice Department to set up the computing machine cheque system quickly. The Gekas # 8217 ; amendment prevailed on a 236-98 ballot. McCollum proposed an amendment which would revoke the bing State waitingperiods on the installment of the national blink of an eye cheque system. Some States had alreadyadopted waiting periods, and the Brady bill would not affect those states having a waiting periodof more than five days. McCollum claimed that his proposal would make the bill much fairerand more balanced, and assured that it would not affect other State gun laws such as Virginia’sone gun purchase per month legislation. However, meeting with strong opposition fromSchumer and others, this amendment preempting State laws was rejected 175-257. There wasanother amendment proposed by Jim Ramstad (R-MN) requiring the police to provide within 20days a reason for any denial of a handgun purchase. This amendment was accepted bySchumer, and was adopted easily by the vote of 431-2. The House proceeded to voted on the Brady bill on Nov. 10. Just before the vote, thechief sponsor Schumer encouraged other Representatives on the floor to vote for the bill, saying:†today’s votes gives the House of Representatives a real chance to stem the violence on our streets and calm the fear of our citizens.† The bill was passed by the House. It was the secondtime for the House to pass the Brady bill, and this time, the vote was 238-189. Passage in the SenateIn the Senate, the Brady bill was introduced as S 414 by Metzenbaum on February 24,1993, referred to the Judiciary Committee and placed on the calendar on March 3. The bill wasalmost identical to the Dole-Metzenbaum-Mitchell compromise approved by the Senate in June1991, requiring a five-day waiting period on handgun purchases which was to be removed oncean instant check system became operational. After a long negotiation, the Senate agreed to takeup the bill separately from the overall crime bill,9 which paved the way for the floor considerationof the bill on November 19. However, the threat of the unsatisfied GOP opponents to block the bill led to anagreement between the Majority Leader Mitchell and the Minority Leader Dole. Under thisagreement, the two leaders was to offer a substi tute, and the Senate would then vote on theHouse-passed version of the Brady bill (HR 1025) with the text of the substitute inserted in lieuthereof. The Mitchell-Dole substitute included two new provisions: the sunset provision and thepreemption provision, both of which had been sought by the NRA. The sunset provision wasidentical to the Gekas amendment passed by the House which would end the waiting period fiveyears, and the preemption provision was the same as the McCollum amendment rejected by theHouse. At the beginning of the debate on November 19, Mitchell made it clear that he hadagreed to cosponsor this bipartisan compromise as a procedural means to move the long-debated Brady bill through the Senate. The Majority Leader then declared that he would nowmove on to eliminate those two provisions with which he totally disagreed. The Mitchell-Doleagreement provided, however, that if either or both of those provisions were to be stricken, theRepublican opponents would then block th e bill, which meant that the Brady proponents wouldneed at least 60 votes to stop the GOP filibuster to pass the bill and send it to the House.Mitchell and his other Democratic proponents succeeded to pass an amendment striking thepreemption language of the Mitchell-Dole substitute on a vote of 54-45. The other amendmentproposed by Metzenbaum to strike the sunset provision, however, was defeated 43 -56. TheSenate then moved on to the consideration of the Mitchell-Dole substitute with one provisionthus amended. Throughout the debate, the proponents spoke fervently in support of the bill. EdwardM. Kennedy (D-MA) argued that it was time to take action against the epidemic of gun violencein the country, showing shocking statistics which demonstrated the increasing number of gun-related crimes and deaths. He claimed that the waiting period would not only curb the spread ofguns by keeping the lethal weapons out of the hands of convicted felons, but it would alsoreduce the crimes committed in the heat of the moment by providing a cooling off period. Senators whose States had already adopted waiting periods demonstrated with data that thewaiting period had already been proven to work in stopping a significant number of handgunpurchases by convicted felons. Dianne Feinstein (D-CA) showed that her State’s 15-daywaiting period stopped 8,060 convicted felons, 1859 drug users, 827 people with mentalillnesses as well as 720 minors from purchasing a gun during January 1991 and September1993. The freshman Senator from California maintained that even though her State’s crime ratewas â€Å"unacceptably† high, it could have been much worse without the legislation. Dole and other GOP opponents, however, insisted that they would continue their effortsto thwart the passage of the bill unless the preemption language was included. Mitchell promptlyrejected the GOP demand, criticizing the double principles of those who, having once insistedthat they could not supp ort the Brady bill because it was the Federal Government telling theStates what to do, turned around and said that they now liked the preemption. Metzenbaumjoined in the argument against the GOP opponents, saying they were blocking the bill â€Å"becausethey were scared to death of the National Rifle Association,† and calling their demand for thepreemption provision â€Å"an effort to kill the bill.† Both sides did not yield, and with two cloturemotions having failed to quash the Republican-led filibuster, one in the afternoon (57-42) and theother at 11 o’clock at night (57-41), the Brady bill was thought by many dead again in theSenate. It was the dissatisfaction of a handful of Republicans with the outcome and their dread ofbeing blamed for killing this popular legislation that saved the life of the Brady bill. The followingday, the discontent of those Republicans who decided to cast a straight vote sent Dole to thenegotiating table again, where he was forced to settle down with a new compromise whichcarried no preemption language. It was actually identical to the one that he and other GOPopponents had filibustered the day before except for the change in the sunsetting period; thecompromise bill would end the waiting period four years after its enforcement, instead of fiveyears, with a possible extension for another year upon the Attorney General’s request. Consequently, by unanimous consent, the Senate agreed to vote on the House-passedversion of the Brady bill (HR 1025) with the text of the compromise inserted in lieu thereof, andalso to request a conference with the House to reconcile the differing versions of the Brady bill.The Brady bill (HR 1025) as amended was passed easily on a vote of 64 to 36, and sent backto the House with a request for a conference. Toward the passageOn November 22, the House agreed to the request of the Senate for a conference uponthe adoption of House Resolution 322 by the vote of 238-187. The confer ees were appointedby the Chairs of each chambers: Brooks, Hughes, Schumer, Sensenbrenner, and Gekas fromthe House and Joseph R. Biden. Jr. (D-DE), Kennedy, Metzenbaum, Orrin G. Hatch (R-UT),and Larry E. Craig (R-ID) from the Senate. Later, Senate Republicans replaced Hatch andCraig with Stevens and Dirk Kempthorne (R-ID). The outcome was a conference report whichpreserved the House 5-year sunset of the waiting period with no provisions for the AttorneyGeneral to replace it with the instant check system before then. Several Senate-passedprovisions had also been dropped: the provision expanding the definition of antique firearmsexempt from gun restrictions to include thousands of functioning World War era rifles, and theone allowing gun sales between dealers from different states. A new provision was added in thereport which would require that the police be notified of multiple purchases.Soon after the conference, the chief Senate negotiator Biden explained how they got tothe conferen ce report. According to his statement, at the beginning of the conference, Stevens,a member of the NRA board of directors, announced that the only acceptable outcome for theSenate Republican conferees, Kempthone and himself, would be the Senate-passed version ofthe Brady bill unchanged. The Senate bill had a provision ending the waiting period as early astwo years after the enforcement if the instant background check met certain standards. All ofthe House conferees including the House Republican conferees rejected that demand, which ledto the adoption of the conference report accepted by all the House conferees, Republicans andDemocrats alike, and the Senate Democratic conferees. Thus, the conference report was madewith Stevens and Kempthorne casting dissenting votes.The House approved the conference report (H. Rept. 103-412) easily on a vote of238-187. In the Senate, however, after the explanation on the conference report, Dole andother Republican opponents fired at Biden with accu sations that he and other DemocraticSenate conferees completely ignored the wishes of the Senate in the conference. Dole said, â€Å"Idon’t think that under these conditions, cloture will be invoked this year or next year.†10 Throughout the day November 23, the hostile atmosphere occupied the Senate floor asthe debate continued. Majority Leader Mitchell declared that he was determined to force theissue to another vote during the year even though it would mean the post-Thanksgiving sessionwhich nobody wanted. Later in the day, he presented two cloture motions for November 30and December 1.The breakdown of the impasse came the following day, November 24, when Doleagreed to accept the terms of the conference report under a compromise that he would submit aseparate bill with the Senate-passed provisions, which was to be considered and votedimmediately in January as soon as the Senate returned to business. Obviously, this solution wasprompted by the loathing of most senator s to come back from their respective States toWashington after Thanksgiving break as well as by the pro-Brady public pressure.Consequently, the Senate approved the conference report by unanimous consent. After seven years of debate, the Brady bill was finally passed by the 103rd Congress.President Clinton, as he had promised, signed the bill into law on November 30, and the Bradybill became Public Law 103-159. Beyond the passageThree years have passed since the passage of the Brady bill, but the fight of Jim andSarah Brady and other gun control advocates still continues for stricter gun control legislation. Inearly 1994, they succeeded in passing the assault weapons ban with the Brady momentum, butsince then the NRA has intensified its lobbying, declaring to repeal the gun control legislation. In1994 elections, for example, the NRA spent $3.2 million to get its supporters elected.11 The last1996 election was also a victory for the NRA in that many of its supporters got re-elected ev enthough their member Dole was defeated by Clinton in the Presidential race. Their most powerfulsupporter in the Congress is probably the House Speaker Newt Gingrich (R-GA), who oncewrote in his letter to the NRA chief lobbyist Tanya Metaksa: â€Å"As long as I am Speaker of thisHouse, no gun control legislation is going to move in committee or on the floor of this House.†12Even with the GOP majority in Congress, however, it is sure that NRA supporters will face amajor obstacle in the newly-reelected President Clinton, who has declared: â€Å"For all the thingsthat will be debated, you can mark my words, the Brady law and the assault weapons bill arehere to stay. They will not be repealed.13? Currently, the Supreme Court is hearing a lawsuit filed by NRA-backed gun controlopponents. They claim that the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act violates the 10thAmendment of the Constitution which protects state and local government from certain federalinterference. The NRA says i t wants to repeal the waiting period as well as the backgroundchecks,14 which reveals the organization’s true intention when it supported the backgroundchecks in its fight against the passage of the Brady bill. The battle between the NRA and theHandgun Control Inc. will continue with the NRA supporters leading the Congress andPresident Clinton challenging them with the veto power. Nevertheless, the Brady bill, with itsunwavering public support, will be the hardest bill to repeal. The passage of the Brady bill of 1993 is one of the best case studies of the legislativeprocess in the U.S. Congress. The seven year history of the bill demonstrated how partisanpolitics played a crucial role in the outcome of the bill, and how difficult it was to make bipartisancompromises to move the bill through Congress. In concluding this research report, I would like to express my deepest respect for thosewho worked hard for the passage of the Brady bill, including Jim and Sarah Brady.